**Tim Ingold** (born 1948) is a British anthropologist known for his research in environmental anthropology, perception, creativity, and practical knowledge. His work intersects with archaeology, art, design, and architecture, and he is particularly recognized for his unique approach to thinking through the concept of “lines.” **Key Concepts and Theories** 1. **The Philosophy of “Lines”** • In his book _Lines: A Brief History_ (2007), Ingold proposes an approach that understands human activity and thought as “lines.” Walking, writing, speaking, and making are all acts of “drawing lines,” which structure the way we perceive and interact with the world. 2. **“Making” as a Way of Knowing** • In _Making: Anthropology, Archaeology, Art and Architecture_ (2013), he argues that “making” and “thinking” are inseparable, and that knowledge emerges through the process of creation rather than being merely acquired. 3. **“Meshwork” Instead of Networks** • Ingold contrasts the digital concept of “networks,” which connect discrete points with lines, with “meshworks,” which consist of entangled and interwoven lines that continuously form relationships. This idea offers a dynamic perspective on how people, objects, and environments relate to one another. 4. **Perception and Environment** • Ingold extends James Gibson’s theory of “affordances” by emphasizing that perception is not passive but is actively formed through engagement with the environment. He introduces the concept of “dwelling,” which suggests that being in the world is a process of continuous interaction with our surroundings. **Related Themes** • **Design and Creativity**: An anthropological perspective on artistic and design processes. • **Architecture and Space**: Rethinking architecture and spatial experiences through the concept of “lines.” • **Fieldwork Methodology**: Emphasizing that knowledge is not only observed but also created through active making and engagement. ---- Memo NotebookLM [here](https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/29b5c99e-37ce-4296-b985-5ec3b9d3067d)