| **Aspect** | **Native App** | **Web App** | **Web View** | |--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------| | **Operating Environment**| OS-dependent (developed separately for iOS, Android) | Runs in a web browser (not OS or device-dependent) | Displays web pages within a native app | | **Installation Required**| Yes (downloaded via App Store or Google Play) | No (accessible via a URL) | Yes (as a native app installation) | | **Development Cost** | High (requires separate development for each OS) | Low (one codebase can work across multiple environments) | Medium (requires native app and web content development)| | **Performance** | High (fully utilizes device hardware capabilities) | Medium (limited by browser constraints) | Medium (web content rendering may be slower) | | **Device Functionality** | Fully accessible (GPS, camera, push notifications, etc.) | Limited (depends on browser capabilities) | Limited (native features are available, web parts restricted) | | **UI/UX Flexibility** | High (optimized design tailored for each platform) | Limited (dependent on browser standards) | Medium (some flexibility but web parts may lack native consistency) | | **Update Method** | Requires app updates (via app stores) | Instant updates (via server changes) | Web parts update instantly, but native components require updates | | **Offline Support** | High (data and cache stored locally on the device) | Limited (partial support possible with PWA) | Limited (native parts may work, but web content may not) | | **Examples** | Games, social media (Instagram, TikTok), banking apps | Gmail, Google Docs, Trello | Hybrid apps (e.g., Rakuten Market, Uber, early Instagram) |